Newborn Jaundice

Many parents are curious about what newborn jaundice is, its causes, and how common it is among newborns. This article will discuss the different types of jaundice, the signs and symptoms to watch for, and when to seek medical attention. Additionally, you will learn about the methods used to check for jaundice and the various treatment options available.

By understanding these aspects, you can better care for your baby and know when to reach out for professional support. If you have any concerns about your baby’s jaundice, the team at Bootin and Savrick Pediatric Associates in Houston, Texas, is here to help. Contact one of our offices today!

What is Jaundice in Newborns?

Jaundice is a condition that affects many newborn babies, especially during the first week of life. It occurs when there is a high level of bilirubin in the baby’s blood.

Bilirubin is a yellow substance produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. When the baby’s liver is not mature enough to remove bilirubin efficiently, it causes a yellowing of the baby’s skin and eyes, a condition known as jaundice.

How Common is Jaundice in Newborns?

Newborn jaundice is a very common condition, affecting about 60% of full-term newborns and even more premature babies.

Most cases of jaundice in newborns are mild jaundice and resolve on their own without medical intervention. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, mild jaundice usually appears in the first few days of life and disappears as the baby’s liver develops and starts to process bilirubin more effectively.

While severe jaundice is less common, it can occur and may require treatment to prevent complications. Monitoring and early detection are key to ensuring your baby’s health and well-being. If you notice any yellowing of your baby’s skin or eyes, it is important to seek medical advice.

At Bootin and Savrick Pediatric Associates, we are here to support you and your baby. Regular check-ups and prompt attention to any concerns can help manage and alleviate newborn jaundice effectively.

What Are the Different Types of Newborn Jaundice?

Understanding the different types of newborn jaundice can help parents better manage and treat this condition. Here are the main types:

Physiological Jaundice: This is the most common type of jaundice in newborns and usually appears within the first 2 to 4 days of life. It occurs because a newborn’s liver is not yet fully developed and efficient at processing bilirubin. Physiological jaundice typically resolves on its own within two weeks as the baby’s liver matures.
Breastfeeding Jaundice: Breastfeeding jaundice can occur in the first week of life if a newborn does not get enough breast milk. This can happen due to difficulties with breastfeeding or because the mother’s milk has not yet come in fully. Ensuring that the baby is feeding well and frequently can help reduce the risk of breastfeeding jaundice.
Breast Milk Jaundice: Breast milk jaundice appears later than breastfeeding jaundice, usually after the first week of life. It is thought to be caused by substances in the mother’s milk that can increase bilirubin levels. Despite this, breast milk jaundice is generally harmless and can persist for a few weeks. Babies with breast milk jaundice continue to thrive and grow well, and breastfeeding should not be stopped.

Signs and Symptoms of Jaundice

Newborn jaundice typically manifests as a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. This yellowing usually starts on the face and then progresses down the body. In the first few days of life, it’s normal for a baby to look slightly yellow in the face and eyes. However, if the yellow color spreads to the belly, legs, or feet, it is important to call your pediatrician.

Parents should monitor their baby’s jaundice closely, especially if it appears earlier than expected. Some newborns may become more jaundiced than is comfortable. Babies turn yellow from the top down, so observing the progression can help determine if medical attention is needed.

When to Take Your Baby to the Doctor

There are certain situations in which jaundice is taken more seriously and treated more aggressively. These include:

Blood Group Incompatibility: If there is a mismatch between the mother’s and baby’s blood types, jaundice can be more severe.
Small or Preterm Babies: Smaller or premature newborns are at higher risk for severe jaundice.
Breastfeeding Jaundice: Occurs when a newborn doesn’t get enough breast milk, leading to higher bilirubin levels. Ensuring proper breastfeeding can help reduce this risk.
Breast Milk Jaundice: Appears after the first week of life and is related to substances in the mother’s milk. Although typically harmless, it should still be monitored.

You will be made aware of these special situations before you leave the hospital with your newborn. If your baby starts to look yellow on the belly, legs, or feet, please call Bootin & Savrick Pediatric Associates immediately. We can check the bilirubin levels and provide treatment if necessary.

How Are Babies Checked for Jaundice?

Checking for jaundice in newborns is a straightforward process that helps ensure your baby’s health and well-being. Here’s how doctors typically assess and monitor jaundice:

Visual Inspection: The first step in checking for jaundice is a visual inspection. Doctors will look at your baby’s skin and the whites of their eyes for any yellowing. Since jaundice usually starts on the face and moves downward, a thorough examination from head to toe is essential.
Bilirubin Levels: If jaundice is suspected, the next step is to measure the bilirubin levels in your baby’s blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance produced when red blood cells break down. High levels of bilirubin cause jaundice.
Transcutaneous Bilirubin Meter: One of the initial tests may involve a transcutaneous bilirubin meter, a device placed on the baby’s skin to estimate bilirubin levels. This non-invasive method provides quick results and helps determine if further testing is needed.
Blood Test: If the transcutaneous bilirubin meter indicates high bilirubin levels, a blood test is performed. This test involves drawing a small blood sample from your baby’s heel to measure the exact bilirubin levels in the blood. This blood test is more accurate and helps doctors decide on the best course of action.

How is Jaundice Treated?

Newborn jaundice is a common condition that usually resolves on its own, but understanding how it is treated and how long it lasts can provide peace of mind for parents.

Treatment Options for Newborn Jaundice:

Phototherapy: Phototherapy is the most common treatment for newborn jaundice. Your baby is placed under special blue lights that help break down bilirubin in the skin. The process is safe and effective, and your baby can stay in the nursery or at home with a portable phototherapy unit.
Increased Feeding: Ensuring your baby is well-fed helps reduce bilirubin levels. Frequent feedings promote regular bowel movements, which help eliminate bilirubin from the body. This is particularly important for babies with breastfeeding jaundice, where increased breastfeeding can aid in recovery.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg): In severe circumstances usually in preterm or otherwise ill newborns, and where jaundice is caused by blood group incompatibility, IVIg can help reduce bilirubin levels. This treatment involves giving the baby an infusion of immunoglobulin to lower the levels of antibodies attacking the baby’s red blood cells.
Exchange Transfusion: Extremely rarely, with severe jaundice, an exchange transfusion may be necessary. This procedure involves gradually replacing the baby’s blood with donor blood to lower bilirubin levels quickly. It is usually performed in a hospital setting and is reserved for the most serious cases.

Ensuring Your Baby's Health and Well-being

At Bootin and Savrick Pediatric Associates, we are committed to providing exceptional care for your newborn. If you have any questions or concerns about your baby’s jaundice, please don’t hesitate to reach out to us.

Schedule an appointment today at one of our offices in the Greater Houston area to ensure your baby receives the best possible care and support! Your child’s health and well-being are our top priorities.

Medically reviewed by Debra Bootin, MD and Patti Savrick, MD

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