Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Urinary tract infections in children are more common than many parents realize, often causing discomfort and potential health risks if left untreated. This article will explain what a UTI is, discuss symptoms and treatment options, and explore ways to prevent UTIs in children.

Reach out to our team at Bootin and Savrick Pediatric Associates in the Greater Houston area today to schedule a consultation for your child. Our compassionate providers are ready to help!

What is a UTI?

A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

In children, UTIs can affect any part of this system but are most commonly found in the bladder and urethra. The condition is more prevalent in girls than boys, particularly due to anatomical differences, but boys can still develop UTIs, especially in their early years.

Most UTIs in children are caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the intestines and can sometimes travel to the urinary tract.

What Are the Most Common Causes of UTIs in Children?

Urinary tract infections in children can develop due to various factors. Some of the most common causes include:

Bacteria: The majority of UTIs in children are caused by Escherichia coli, bacteria from the digestive tract that spread to the urethra and bladder.
Poor bathroom habits: Wiping incorrectly after using the bathroom can allow bacteria to spread from the rectal area to the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection.
Holding in urine: Children who delay urinating, either because they are playing or don’t want to stop an activity, may increase their risk of developing a UTI. Holding in urine allows bacteria to multiply in the bladder.
Constipation: A full bowel can press against the bladder, making it difficult for children to empty their bladder fully, which may lead to infection.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Some children are born with structural abnormalities that make them more prone to UTIs. These can include issues with the valves in the urethra or blockages in the urinary tract.
Family history: A family history of UTIs may increase the risk, as certain genetic factors can make some children more susceptible to infection.

How Do You Know if Your Child Has a Urinary Tract Infection?

Recognizing a UTI in children can be challenging, especially in younger kids who may not be able to communicate their symptoms clearly. However, there are some common signs to watch for:

Fever: A febrile UTI, which occurs when the infection spreads to the kidneys, is often accompanied by a high fever.
Painful urination: If your child complains of discomfort or pain when urinating, it could be a sign of a UTI.
Frequent urination: Needing to urinate more often than usual, with only small amounts being passed, is a typical symptom.
Foul-smelling urine: Urine with a strong odor or a cloudy appearance may indicate an infection.
Abdominal or back pain: Some children may experience pain in their lower abdomen or back, which could suggest that the infection has spread to the kidneys.
Bedwetting: Children who have been previously potty-trained may start wetting the bed again due to the irritation caused by a UTI.

How Are UTIs in Children Diagnosed?

To diagnose a UTI, a pediatrician will need to test a urine sample. In young children who are not toilet-trained, a sample may be collected using a catheter or urine collection bag. The urine will be analyzed for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection.

In some cases, further testing—like a renal ultrasound—may be recommended, especially if the child has recurring UTIs, to check for abnormalities in the urinary tract that could be contributing to the problem.

Treatment for Your Child’s UTI

Once a UTI is confirmed, the typical treatment involves a course of oral antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria. Depending on the severity of the infection, especially if it involves a febrile UTI or signs of kidney involvement, the pediatrician may prescribe stronger antibiotics or even recommend hospitalization for intravenous (IV) antibiotics.

It’s crucial for parents to ensure that their child completes the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve quickly, to prevent the infection from returning or causing complications like renal scarring.

UTI Prevention

While UTIs can sometimes be unavoidable, there are several steps parents can take to reduce their child’s risk of developing one:

Encourage proper hygiene: Teach your child to wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from spreading to the urinary tract.
Frequent bathroom breaks: Remind your child to use the bathroom regularly and avoid holding in urine for extended periods.
Stay hydrated: Make sure your child drinks plenty of water throughout the day, as this helps flush out the urinary system and reduce the risk of infection.
Treat constipation: Preventing and addressing constipation can lower the risk of UTIs by ensuring the bladder is not obstructed by a full bowel.
Wear loose-fitting clothing: Tight clothing can trap moisture and create an environment where bacteria thrive. Encourage your child to wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting pants.

A Proactive Approach to Urinary Health

If you suspect your child has a urinary tract infection, or if your child is experiencing any of the symptoms described above, schedule an appointment with Bootin and Savrick Pediatric Associates in Houston, Texas, today! Our experienced pediatricians are dedicated to providing high-quality care for childhood illnesses and helping your child stay healthy.

Contact us today to ensure your child receives the best treatment and prevention guidance for UTIs and other common childhood concerns.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Monica McGrann

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