Mononucleosis is a viral illness that primarily affects children, teenagers, and young adults. This article will cover what infectious mononucleosis is, its causes, common symptoms, how it is diagnosed and treated, and what parents can do to help prevent it.
If you have concerns about your child’s symptoms or need medical advice, Bootin and Savrick Pediatric Associates is here to help. Schedule an appointment with our experienced pediatricians in Greater Houston today to ensure your child receives the best care possible.
Infectious mononucleosis is a viral illness that affects the immune system by attacking the body’s white blood cells. An Epstein-Barr virus infection most commonly causes it, but other viruses can also lead to the condition.
Mono is contagious and spreads through direct contact with saliva, which is why it is sometimes called the “kissing disease.” However, children can also contract mono through shared utensils, drinking from the same cup, or exposure to infected droplets from coughing or sneezing.
The illness is more commonly seen in adolescents and young adults, especially college students. However, younger children can also develop it.
The primary cause of mononucleosis is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family. Once a person contracts EBV, the virus remains in their body for life, though it typically becomes inactive after the initial infection. By adulthood, most adults have been exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus, even if they never developed noticeable symptoms.
In some cases, other viruses may also cause a mononucleosis-like illness, but EBV is by far the most common cause.
Mononucleosis symptoms can vary in severity, but the most common symptoms include:
Symptoms of mono can last anywhere from 2 to 4 weeks, but in some cases, fatigue may persist for months. Symptoms can be more severe in those with weakened immune systems.
In some severe cases, mononucleosis can cause the following serious complications to occur:
Less common complications of mononucleosis may include the following:
Diagnoses involve a combination of a physical exam and laboratory tests. During the physical exam, a doctor will check for common symptoms such as swollen lymph glands, an enlarged spleen, or a swollen liver.
A blood test may be conducted to look for signs of infection. This may look for an increased number of white blood cells or the presence of EBV antibodies.
Since mononucleosis is caused by a virus, there is no specific treatment. Antibiotics are not effective as they only treat bacterial infections. Treatment, therefore, focuses on relieving symptoms and making recovery comfortable. Common treatment recommendations include:
Most children recover fully within a few weeks, but lingering fatigue can last longer.
While there is no vaccine for Epstein-Barr virus, parents can help reduce the risk of mono by encouraging good hygiene practices, such as:
Since EBV remains in the body even after symptoms resolve, individuals who have had mono in the past may still spread the virus intermittently. While complete prevention isn’t always possible, these precautions can help lower the chances of infection.
If your child has been diagnosed with mononucleosis, the best approach is supportive care. Rest, hydration, and symptom management will help them recover comfortably. If symptoms worsen, such as difficulty breathing, severe abdominal pain, or extreme weakness, seek medical attention promptly.
At Bootin and Savrick Pediatric Associates, we have experience treating viral childhood illnesses like mononucleosis and can provide guidance and support for your child’s recovery. If you have concerns about your child’s symptoms or need medical advice, schedule an appointment with our expert pediatricians in Houston, Texas, today. We are committed to providing the best care for your child’s health and well-being.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Monica McGrann
Most children begin feeling better within 2 to 4 weeks, although fatigue can sometimes last for several weeks or even months after other symptoms have resolved.
It is uncommon to get mono more than once. After infection, the Epstein-Barr virus remains inactive in the body, and the immune system usually prevents the illness from recurring.
Children can generally return to school when they feel well enough and their fever has resolved. However, strenuous exercise and contact sports should be avoided until a doctor confirms it is safe, especially if the spleen is enlarged.
Seek medical care if your child experiences severe abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, trouble swallowing, extreme weakness, dehydration, or symptoms that suddenly worsen.
Yes. The Epstein-Barr virus can remain in the body after symptoms resolve, and some people may continue to shed the virus in their saliva from time to time without feeling sick.
